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24KV Polymer Surge Arrester

This is 24kV, 10kA Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Surge Arrester, a critical protective device engineered for 24kV grade medium-voltage electrical systems.
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Introduction:

This 24kV polymer surge arrester is commonly installed on poles, in substations, or at the entrance of facilities, connected between the phase conductor and the ground. Its robust silicone rubber design makes it particularly suitable for coastal areas, industrial zones, and regions with high dust or pollution levels where traditional porcelain arresters would require frequent cleaning.

Its primary function is to safeguard expensive and sensitive equipment from destructive overvoltages, such as those caused by lightning strikes and switching operations, by rapidly diverting the surge current to the ground.

This high voltage surge arrester's most distinctive feature is its housing, made of high-performance silicone rubber, formed into a "big-small" or alternating shed profile. This design, along with its impressive 680mm creepage distance, ensures exceptional performance even in harsh, polluted environments.


Drawings:

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Technical Parameters:

Rated voltage:  24kv

Norminal discharge current: 10kA

Maximum continuous operating voltage (MCOV): 19.5kv  

1/4µs steep current residual voltage:  82.0kv

8/20µs lightning current residual voltage :  72kv

30/60µs switching current residual voltage:  62.0kv

2000µs rectangular wave current impulse: 250A

4/10µs high current withstand discharge capacity : 100KA

Discharge classic: 1

Creepage distance: 675mm


Component Structure:

A typical oxide zinc surge arrester of this type consists of the following key components:

1.Zinc Oxide Varistor Block: The core of the arrester. This is a sintered ceramic cylinder composed primarily of zinc oxide grains with small additions of other metal oxides. It exhibits highly non-linear voltage-current characteristics, acting as an insulator under normal voltage and becoming a conductor instantly during a surge.

2.Silicone Rubber Housing: The external grey body with ten alternating sheds. This housing is not just a cover; it is a integral part of the design, providing superior insulation, hydrophobicity, and protection for the internal valve block from environmental and mechanical stresses.

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3.Fiberglass Reinforced Epoxy Core Rod: A high-strength rod that runs through the center of the varistor columns, providing mechanical integrity and compression to hold the internal components together firmly.

4.Metal End Fittings (Terminals):

Top Terminal: Typically a metallic stud and nut (as seen in the image) for connection to the high-voltage line.

Bottom Terminal: Includes a connection point for the integral braided copper grounding lead, which is clearly visible in the image.

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5.Sealing System: High-quality seals (often made from materials like O-rings) are used at the end fittings to ensure a completely airtight and moisture-proof enclosure, preventing internal corrosion and ensuring long-term stability.

6.Test/Line Marker: A visible line running vertically along the housing, which is likely a factory test mark applied after a high-voltage test to verify the integrity of the unit.


Key Features & Advantages:

Advanced Silicone Rubber Housing: Offers excellent hydrophobicity (water repellency), which prevents the formation of a continuous water film on the surface. This property is maintained over time and even transfers to pollutants, drastically reducing the risk of surface flashover.

“Big-Small” Shed Design (Alternating Shed Profile): This design maximizes the creepage distance (680mm) without unnecessarily increasing the arrester's height. It effectively prevents bridging between sheds by pollution (dust, salt, etc.) and enhances self-cleaning during rain.

High Energy Handling Capability: The 10kA rating indicates a high discharge capacity, allowing it to handle very large surge currents without failure.

Excellent Protective Characteristics: The ZnO valve block provides a low residual voltage during discharge, ensuring that the voltage across the protected equipment is clamped to a safe level.

Exceptional Durability: Silicone rubber is highly resistant to UV radiation, ozone, and extreme temperature variations, preventing cracking and degradation, which ensures a long service life with minimal maintenance.

Integrated Grounding Lead: The attached braided copper wire ensures a reliable, low-resistance connection to the grounding system for efficient dissipation of surge energy.


Manufacturing Process:

The production of this silicone surge arrester involves sophisticated and controlled processes:

1.Varistor Block Production: Zinc oxide and other metal oxides are mixed, pressed into disc-shaped blocks, and sintered at high temperatures in a kiln to form the ceramic varistors with the desired non-linear properties.

2.Assembly of Core: The ZnO varistor discs are stacked alternately with conductive and insulating electrodes onto the fiberglass epoxy core rod. This assembly is then placed under high mechanical compression.

3.Molding: The entire core assembly is placed inside a mold. Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) is injected under pressure and heat (Injection Molding) to form the housing directly around the core. This process, known as full encapsulation or one-shot molding, creates a perfect, seamless, and waterproof bond between the rubber and the metal end fittings, eliminating any air gaps.

4.Curing & Vulcanization: The molded unit is heated to cure and vulcanize the silicone rubber, giving it its final mechanical and electrical properties.

5.Testing & Marking: Every unit undergoes rigorous electrical tests, including a power frequency withstand test and a partial discharge test. The vertical line is often marked after this test as a visual quality assurance indicator.


Application Scenarios:

This 24kV surge arrester is predominantly used in electrical distribution networks to protect:

Power Transformers (both primary and secondary sides)

Distribution Switchgear and Circuit Breakers

Capacitor Banks

Cable Terminations

Other critical industrial and commercial electrical equipment

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